Against the background of the war in Ukraine, imports of fossil fuels and their origins are becoming the focus of public and political interest. In particular, questions are being raised about import structures and potential substitution possibilities for supply volumes. This analysis provides an overview of where and to what extent Germany and the EU have imported fossil fuels in recent years. In addition, based on the analysis of global export structures, alternative sources of supply are discussed and commodity-specific aspects and difficulties with regard to the substitutability of import volumes highlighted.
